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Porto
Porto ((:ˈpoɾtu)), also known as Oporto in English,〔(Ngram Viewer ) Google Books〕 is the second-largest city in Portugal, after Lisbon, and one of the major urban areas in Southwestern Europe. The urban area of Porto, which extends beyond the administrative limits of the city, has a population of 1.4 million (2011) in an area of ,〔 making it the second-largest urban area in Portugal. Porto Metropolitan Area, on the other hand, includes an estimated 1.8 million people.〔United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, (World Urbanization Prospects (2009 revision) ), (United Nations, 2010), Table A.12. Data for 2007.〕〔European Spatial Planning Observation Network, (Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3) ), Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007)〕〔Thomas Brinkoff, (Principal Agglomerations of the World ), Retrieved 12 March 2009. Data for 1 January 2009.〕 It is recognized as a Gamma-level global city by the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html )〕 the only Portuguese city besides Lisbon to be recognised as a global city.
Located along the Douro river estuary in Northern Portugal, Porto is one of the oldest European centres, and its historical core was proclaimed a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1996. The western part of its urban area extends to the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean. Its settlement dates back many centuries, when it was an outpost of the Roman Empire. Its combined Celtic-Latin name, Portus Cale,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Online Etymology Dictionary )〕 has been referred to as the origin of the name "Portugal", based on transliteration and oral evolution from Latin. In Portuguese, the name of the city is spelled with a definite article ("o Porto"; (英語:''the port'')). Consequently, its English name evolved from a misinterpretation of the oral pronunciation and referred to as ''Oporto'' in modern literature and by many speakers.
One of Portugal's internationally famous exports, port wine, is named for Porto, since the metropolitan area, and in particular the ''caves'' of Vila Nova de Gaia, were responsible for the packaging, transport and export of the fortified wine. In 2014, Porto was elected ''The Best European Destination'' by the Best European Destinations Agency.〔
==History==
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